Acute Allergic Reactions in Children

Allergic reactions in children are a significant health concern that can range from mild to life-threatening. As the immune system mistakenly identifies harmless substances as threats, it triggers a cascade of symptoms that can affect various body systems. Understanding these reactions, recognizing their symptoms, and knowing when to contact a pediatrician is crucial for ensuring the safety and well-being of children.
What Causes Allergic Reactions?
Allergic reactions occur when the immune system reacts to allergens—substances that are typically harmless but provoke an immune response in susceptible individuals.
Common allergens include:
Food: The most prevalent food allergens in children are eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, milk, soy, wheat, fish, shellfish, and sesame.
Insect Stings: Allergic reactions can also be triggered by stings from bees or other insects.
Medications: Certain medications, including antibiotics and anesthetics, may cause allergic reactions.
Environmental Factors: Pollens, dust mites, and latex can also lead to allergic responses.
They may include:
Mild to Moderate Symptoms:
- Skin: Itching, hives, redness, swelling
- Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Respiratory: Sneezing, nasal congestion
- Other: Swelling of lips or face
Severe Symptoms (Anaphylaxis):
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing
- Swelling of the throat or tongue
- Rapid heartbeat or weak pulse
- Dizziness or loss of consciousness
It is essential for parents to recognize these symptoms quickly to provide appropriate care. Anaphylaxis is particularly concerning as it can escalate rapidly and requires immediate medical intervention.
The Importance of Contacting a Pediatrician
When a child experiences an allergic reaction for the first time, it is vital to consult with a pediatrician. The pediatrician can confirm whether the child had an allergic reaction and may refer them to an allergist for further evaluation.
This step is crucial for several reasons:
Diagnosis: A pediatrician can conduct tests to identify specific allergies through skin prick tests or blood tests.
Action Plan: After diagnosis, they will help create an Allergy Action Plan tailored to the child’s needs. This plan outlines steps to take during an allergic reaction and includes emergency contacts.
Education: Parents will receive guidance on how to manage allergies at home and in social settings, including information on medications like antihistamines and epinephrine auto-injectors.
Preventing Allergic Reactions
Preventing allergic reactions involves avoiding known allergens whenever possible. This includes:
- Reading food labels carefully to check for allergens.
- Informing caregivers (teachers, babysitters) about the child’s allergies.
- Keeping emergency medications accessible at all times.
Education about allergies is also crucial for children as they grow older; they should understand their condition and how to communicate their needs effectively.
Acute allergic reactions in children can pose significant health risks but can be managed effectively with prompt recognition and appropriate medical care. Understanding the symptoms of both mild and severe reactions empowers parents and caregivers to act swiftly in emergencies. Regular consultations with a pediatrician are essential for developing a comprehensive allergy management plan that ensures children’s safety at home and in public settings.

Dr Aleksandra Gajecka
Pediatrician in Malta
Contact for any information!
- Treatment of sick children
- Protective baby and childhood vaccinations
- Health check-ups
- Care for the development of healthy children
- Counseling in children’s physical and mental development
- Online consultations regarding the possibilities of effective diagnostics
- Preliminary diagnostics and referring patients to specialists for in-depth diagnostics
- Issuing documents and certificates needed for nurseries, schools and educational institutions